Story of Puloma - from Mahabharata

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The Naga Kings' Devotion: A Markandeya Purana Tale of Rebirth

Table of Contents

• Journey back to Rasatala
• Preparing for Kailasha
• A Pilgrimage
• Music for Lord Shiva
• Shiva's Boon
• Madalasa's Rebirth
• Ritadhvaja Invited to Rasatala
• King Ashvatara's Grand Welcome
• Literary Parallels: Orpheus and the Underworld
• Modern Interpretations and Life Lessons
• Wisdom from the Naga Tale

Journey back to Rasatala

Following the same route that he had used to come to earth, Ashvatara went to the opening of the tunnel. He entered the tunnel and passing through the other worlds, he was soon back in Rasatala.

Kambala was waiting. The moment Ashvatara emerged, Kambala broke out into a musical welcome. Ashvatara then met his sons, Susharma and Devsharma, who were waiting for him. They were wondering what had happened. “The task you felt impossible,” Ashvatara said, “has now become my objective. The goddess has blessed Kambala and myself. Both of us will now try to make that possible.”

Preparing for Kailasha

Ashvatara, Kambala, and the Naga princes sat and discussed the next steps. Ashvatara and Kambala would leave for Kailasha, entrusting the princes with the kingdom until their return.

Ashvatara and Kambala went to a chamber where musical instruments were kept. They looked around and wondering what to choose. Then they chose what they thought would be perfect - Rudra Veena. This instrument was dear to Shiva and it was said this had been created by Shiva himself. They both chose one each.

Before leaving, the brothers went to take blessings from Shesha and Vasuki. After receiving the blessings, they left the palace.

A Pilgrimage

With instruments in their hands, the two naga kings entered the tunnel which would take them to earth. Reaching the surface, they began their ascent towards Kailasha. Shiva's place. Pure. Silent.

They reached the peak and spotted a flat outcrop. The two brothers decided to use this spot as their base.

Ashvatara laid his staff down and placed his veena gently upon a smooth rock. Kambala did the same.

Music for Lord Shiva

Once their camp had been set, the two Naga kings, sat cross-legged on the stone, backs straight. Carefully, they unwrapped their veenas. Ashvatara began tuning the instruments slowly. Once they were ready, the two brothers began playing.

They started with soft, rising melodies. As the day progressed, their music deepened with the most delicate patterns being played at twilight.

They played music which displayed their love and devotion towards Shiva. They played pieces that depicted the peace of the region and awakening of the soul and also music that was about total surrender.

With the blessings of Sarasvati, they were able to shape their music as per the mood and the time of the day, creating ragas and dedicating them to Shiva.

Shiva's Boon

Days passed like this. Ashvatara and Kambala continued their music, in praise of Shiva. One day, when they had stopped playing, the brothers kept their instruments aside and bowed down. They felt something around them. A strange kind of vibration. Suddenly the veena strings began moving. As if invisible hands were playing the instruments, wonderful melodies began filling the air. The ground began to vibrate. Before them, the air began to coalesce and the atmosphere swayed, weaving itself into hologram like projection of Shiva.

They heard a voice, echoing in the atmosphere. "Ashvatara, Kambala. You have played instruments with devotion like no one has, ever before. You prayed with devotion, not for yourselves but for someone else. I am pleased with your devotion. What do you seek from me?"

The two brothers bowed low and said, "O Mahadeva, the great one. You are the keeper of the universe and watch over all of us. You have protected the universe from getting destroyed numerous times and once you held poison in your throat to prevent it from spreading all across. O three-eyed lord of Kailasha, the other gods bow before you. You roam as an ascetic but you also play the role of a householder and have the great Goddess Uma as your wife. You are spiritually brilliant and your spirituality brightens the universe. If you are pleased with our devotion then bless us. Grant us the boon we seek."

Then Kambala became quiet and Ashvatara spoke, "My sons Susharma and Devsharma have developed a great bond of friendship with Ritadhvaja. He is a young prince who is grieving for his wife. His loss has not made him bitter. He is a very noble person. He has shown loyalty, truthfulness and depth of character which is rare. In him, we see someone who acts with purity even in sorrow, who is willing to honour love without demanding its return, and who accepts the path of suffering without losing his integrity. My sons see that Madalasa’s death broke something in him, and in helping to restore it, because a good soul like Ritadhvaja does not deserve this. Let Madalasa be reborn as my daughter. I make a pledge to protect, raise and honour her. Let her return with her youth intact, so that the love she had shared with her husband could continue without disruption. You are considered Adi Yogi — the first yogi, the one who first discovered and passed on the science of yoga. Let Madalasa be born to awaken spiritual awakening in others. Grant us this. "

The form of Shiva shimmered and a voice spoke.

“O noble ones, I am pleased with you and your selflessness. What you have asked for will happen. You live in Rasatala, which is linked with what lies beyond death—afterlife, rebirth and spiritual transformation. You have to go to earth. Ritadhvaja is now conducting the annual shraddha ceremony for Madalasa. Go there." Shiva told the Naga kings what was to be done next. Saying that, the image of Shiva disappeared.

Bowing down, Ashvatara and Kambala left the place.

They went back to Rasatala, with their veenas.

Madalasa's Rebirth

As soon as they were back, Ashvatara went into his chamber. He knew what he had to do. He first performed achmana by taking a small amount of water in his right palm and sipping it three times chanting names of Vishnu for internal purification. He then sprinkled some water over his head. He then went to a corner where he did his worship. There he sat down and began to take deep breaths, relaxing himself. He then began chanting the names of Shiva. While doing so, he made and offered three rice balls, in the memory of Madalasa. He then picked up the middle ball and consumed it. He then resumed his meditation.

Soon his face began to glow. Light began to emanate from his forehead. The light intensified and began to take shape. Slowly human contours began to form and soon standing before Ashvatara was Madalasa. The impossible had occurred. She was back. There was difference. Madalasa was reborn with memory of her past. The soul had carried with it, experience and spiritual knowledge. It thereby enabled her to perceive the impermanence of worldly existence from the beginning of her re-emergence. This made her a yogini from beginning.

Ashvatara sent for trusted female attendants. When they came, they were entrusted with a secret mission. They had to take care of Madalasa and keep her hidden. No one was to know about her existence. The beautiful Madalasa began living there, spending her time reading scriptures. The strangeness of her second life was changing her. She began to wonder - What is the meaning of sorrow? Why was I sent back? Who am I, if I am no longer queen nor wife?

Days began to pass. Susharma and Devsharma also not aware about Madalasa, went and spent their time with Ritadhvaja.

Ritadhvaja Invited to Rasatala

It was evening. Torches had been lit. Ashvatara had taken some freshly brewed wine. He was feeling light-headed. His sons had come home, after spending the day with their friend. Ashvatara, relaxed, said to his sons, "My sons, you had spoken about your friend and his worries. I did tell you then to invite your friend to our land. He should know that he is friends with Nagas and not humans. Let him come here. Give him whatever he needs from our land. He trusts you, treats you as brothers and honours you. You should definitely bring him here one day."

The next day Susharma and Devsharma went to meet their friend. He was sitting along. staring at the sky. The friends knew he must be thinking about Madalasa. They tried to joke with him, to make him feel normal. The prince joined them and they began playing games of dice. After sometime, Susharma said, "We have told you about our place, which is different from this. We want you to come and visit our place and see where we stay. I am sure you will enjoy it."

Ritadhvaja turned to his friends. He said to them, "You are very dear to me. You have made me start enjoying life. When I am with you, I forget my sorrow. All that I possess is not mine alone. It is yours too. Do not draw lines between your house and our house. If you genuinely care for me, remove that division. My home, my life - all this is yours. You gave me company when grief was all I had. Do not speak about boundaries.”

Devsharma said, "Ritadhvaja, what you have said, we agree. Also, what we have is yours too. Our father has made a request. He had told this to us many times but we kept forgetting. The last time we saw him; he insisted that we bring you along. He considers you as his son after hearing about you. He wants to meet you and see you. Like Shatrujit is your father, please consider Ashvatara, our father, as your father also. Come with us and meet him. "

Ritadhvaja said, "I am truly blessed. Your father has shown affection towards me. I am grateful that he has expressed a desire to meet me. I have done nothing great and he still thinks about me. There can be no greater honour than this. Come. Let us leave at once. Not for even a moment of delay."

The journey began. Susharma and Devsharma rode with Prince Ritadhvaja in a chariot. They asked the charioteer to take them to the banks of river Gautami. “This is where we stop,” Susharma said to Ritadhvaja. “Please ask your charioteer to return.”

Ritadhvaja, trusting, nodded and dismissed the charioteer.

The prince looked around. "They must live across the river," he thought. "Perhaps they will summon a boat now."

Susharma stepped forward, looked around to ensure they were alone, and chanted a mantra.

To Ritadhvaja’s astonishment, the surface of the river began to pull apart. The water peeled back, revealing a path made of stone descending deep, beneath the riverbed.

Without hesitation, Susharma stepped into the parted river and turned back to gesture.

“Come, Ritadhvaja. Walk between us,” he said. “I will lead. Devsharma will walk behind.”

Ritadhvaja stepped forward. He trusted them. Behind him, Devsharma chanted another mantra. The river closed behind them as they moved, sealing the way.

The prince followed Susharma, with Devasharma walking closely behind. The path descended beneath the riverbed and Ritadhvaja entered a world unlike any he had imagined.

It was Rasatala. The prince turned to look at his companions—and then stopped in astonishment.

Gone were the simple robes of the learned young men he had called friends. The two who stood before him now radiated a divine presence. Their skin was glowing. On their foreheads were marks of a swastika. They were wearing crowns shaped like hoods of serpents. Ritadhvaja understood. The friends he had laughed with, played games with were not ordinary travellers. They were Naga princes. They had taken on the form of brahmins when they first met him on earth. He said nothing and bowed his head.

King Ashvatara's Grand Welcome

Word of the prince's arrival travelled quickly and reached the ears of Ashvatara.

As Ritadhvaja walked around in the new world, he could hardly believe what he saw. This was not a shadowy underworld. Rasatala was beautiful. It was a wonderful world below the surface.

Children darted past him. He saw young maidens dressed in beautiful clothes and jewels. He could make out beautiful music coming from houses. There were many beautiful mansions around them. In the centre was a beautiful palace. The two princes led Ritadhvaja inside this palace. Seated on a throne at the far end of a large hall was a calm person. His skin glowed liked that of Susharma and Devsharma.

Ashvatara, king of the Nagas, radiated a divine presence. which had a soothing effect on the prince.

Susharma and Devsharma stepped forward and said to the figure seated on the throne, "Father, this is our friend. He is our brother in heart and spirit. This is Ritadhvaja, who rides the wonderful horse Kuvalya.” Ritadhvaja stepped forward and bowed low.

Ashvatara known for his wisdom, command, and virtue looked at the young prince and asked him to come closer. The prince went and the king got up and embraced the prince. The king then kissed the prince's head as a blessing. He said, "May you live long. May all your enemies fall before you. May you always honour your parents. You are fortunate. My sons speak highly of you in your absence. Always be noble and remain truthful.”

After welcoming the young prince, Ashvatara said to his sons, “This young man has travelled far. He trusted you and has crossed across worlds. He deserves not only our respect but celebration. Let us make him feel the joy of our home. Take him you. Show him to a room. Let him bathe and become ready. After that we shall have a grand feast and enjoy the company of one another. Let us fill this world with music and laughter.”

Ashvatara put his plan into motion. Servants moved around. A grand feast was prepared and served. Musicians played beautiful music for the guests. All enjoyed themselves.

After the feast was over, Ashvatara then said to Ritadhvaja, "My dear child, please remember one thing. You are not just as a guest here. You are very dear to me. Tell me about your home on earth? How are things there? Be frank and honest. Speak to me openly like you would speak with your father. Think of me as your father. You are as close to me as are Susharma and Devsharma. Everything I possess is yours. The wealth, the riches, all that I have, it is now yours as well.”

Ritadhvaja was touched by the gesture of the Naga king. He began speaking. "My father, King Shatrujit, has ruled his kingdom for many years. There is no lack of wealth or luxury in my life. We, your sons and I— are young. We are strong and have no worries. We are not greedy. We have our fathers in our lives. There are some who do not get to experience that. I am so lucky to have the love and support of not one, but two fathers. I have gained everything I could ever want.”

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Literary Parallels: Orpheus and the Underworld

Orpheus in Greek mythology uses music to descend into the underworld.

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Modern Interpretations and Life Lessons

This story speaks about human condition:

Ritadhvaja’s suffering and his friends’ attempts to heal it reflect how friendship and trust help in emotional recovery. Grief doesn’t demand denial but transcendence through meaning.

In an age of noise and distraction, art is sacred. Music, when offered with devotion, becomes a form of meditation.

Madalasa’s return with memory highlights reincarnation as opportunity—to evolve with consciousness, to begin life awakened. In modern psychology, this mirrors the idea of “post-traumatic growth” or second-life spiritual rebirth.

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Wisdom from the Naga Tale

• Tune your life with intention, clarity, and devotion.
• Practice selfless action as Ashvatara and Kambala did.
• Build friendships like that of Ritadhvaja and the Nagas.
• Use grief, like Ritadhvaja, to become more open-hearted, not bitter.

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The tale of Ashvatara, Kambala, and Ritadhvaja reflects the soul’s longing: to love, to lose, and to return transformed.

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The Quest for Madalasa: Ritadhvaja's Vow & Ashvatara's Journey (From Markandeya Purana)

Table of Contents

• Ritadhvaja's Return
• The Tragic News of Madalasa
• Grief and Resolve: Ritadhvaja's Vow
• Challenging the Impossible
• Sarasvati Grants the Knowledge of Sound
• Lessons from Ritadhvaja's Story
• Modern Relevance

Ritadhvaja's Return

Ritadhvaja left the banks of Yamuna riding towards the palace of the king. He had been away for long and his parents and Madalasa would be worried. He was thinking what Madalasa would say. Would she be angry? She will scold me first," he thought, "for not sending a message… for staying away too long. Then she will pretend to be angry, but her eyes will give her away. She will ask if I ate, if I slept, if I was fine. What will I say to her? That I stood watch over a sage's hut by the Yamuna. That I did not move until he returned from worshipping Varuna. That I never forgot her, not even for a moment."

he then thought about his father. "It was his order that I go and protect the sages. I obeyed. Did he worry when I didn’t return for so long? Or did he believe that his son would never fail? he is the king. He carries the burden of dharma. Will he embrace me? Will he look at me with the pride of a ruler and not as a father? even if he doesn’t say it, I know he will be relieved. My mother must have prayed, ‘Let him return safe… let me see my son again before my eyes close forever.’”

His mind went to the elders—teachers and ministers who had watched him grow and thought, "Let them see… their Ritadhvaja is coming home."

He leaned forward, fingers tightening on Kuvalaya’s mane and said, "Come on, friend, we need to get home at the earliest.”

Kuvalya snorted as if understood and increased his speed. Soon the palace walls were visible in the distance.

The Tragic News of Madalasa

Something was the matter. Any normal day would mean people walking around, crowding in places. Everything seemed unnaturally quiet. There were very few people around and they too seemed to have a vacant look in their eyes.

One woman who was sweeping a floor of a house happened to look up and her eyes met Ritadhvaja’s. Her broom slipped from her hand. She was not sure what was she seeing. She called out to people in the house. A man came out. He too saw the prince. He shouted. "Our prince!"

People who heard this looked around. They could not believe their eyes. A person came forward. The prince had slowed down. This person touched Kuvalaya. This was no dream. The prince and Kuvalaya were really there.

The person began shouting, "“The prince. He is alive. He has returned back to us. Inform the king and the queen."

People began gathering. His friends who had thought he was dead came running. They greeted the prince but did not dare inform him about Madalasa. “They look at me as if I have risen from death,” he thought. “What did they believe had happened?”

He dismounted from Kuvalaya. Taking the reins in his hand, Ritadhvaja began to walk.

With friends and citizens behind him, and Kuvalaya by his side, Ritadhvaja stepped across into the palace to meet his father.

Grief and Resolve: Ritadhvaja's Vow

His eyes fell upon Shatrujit. The king looked tired. Ritadhvaja rushed forward and embraced his father. The king held his son tight, not sure what was going on. The prince then embraced his mother. Other relatives and elders hearing about his arrival came there. They were all amazed and shocked. Happy to see him alive yet not sure what was happening.

People there were talking. “May you live for a long time. May you be fortunate. May those who try to harm you be destroyed."

Ritadhvaja was barely listening to them. He was scanning the premises. Where was Madalasa? Why did she not come? Was all well?

Shatrujit, with tears in his eyes, told his son. He told him how a sage had come bearing grim news, how the court had fallen into mourning, how the ornament had fallen to the floor, and how Madalasa, on seeing it, had collapsed lifeless.

As Ritadhvaja listened, the colour drained from his face. He heard from the king how Madalasa's body had to be carried to the banks of Karnavati and how the last rites were performed.

His parents stood there, heads bent in sorrow. No one had bothered to validate the words of the sage. All they had thought was, it was a sage speaking. How could a sage lie?

The prince sat down. He was thinking what Madalasa would have gone through. "She died thinking I was dead. She gave up her life for me."

He began crying saying, "Shame on me. I am alive and my beloved is dead. Kundala said, protect your wife. Instead, I became the cause of her death. What is this life now, without her?"

Controlling himself he stood up. He said to the people present there. "Madalasa died because of me. I want to give up my life. How will that help? That will not get her back. She proved her nobility by sacrificing her life. That is something which is considered virtuous for women. That may not be seen in the same manner, if I kill myself. There is no point crying over her. No tears will bring her back. I am a prince. I am strong. If I surrender to my grief and appear broken, then Talketu wins."

He then said to his father. "It is my duty to serve this land. I was born to protect this kingdom. My life is not mine alone. It is yours. I cannot think of destroying my life. "

Saying this he took leave of his parents and went to his chamber. It felt strange. When he had left this place last, Madalasa had been there and he had told her he would be back soon.

He thought of life ahead. "What lies ahead for me? Should I cut off all pleasures of life and live like an ascetic? Will doing that bring back Madalasa? Denying joy to myself will not help her. I will live rightly."

A messenger came to him that the king had asked to see him. Ritadhvaja went to Shatrujit. The king said, as the husband he would need to perform the last rites of Madalasa.

He walked to the banks of the river Karnavati. He began the water rites for Madalasa. He filled his cupped palms with water and chanted mantras as directed by the priests. He offered sesame seeds and lit a fire and completed the last rites.

With the rites completed, Ritadhvaja stood there with folded hands, praying. Then he went back to his chambers. he then decided what he was going to do. He said to himself, "Madalasa is no longer alive. I loved her and with her passing I will not take any other person as my spouse in this life. I will not seek the company of women. I make a solemn vow. I will from now on, only share my time with men who are equal to me in age and character. I will lead a life of dharma."

Challenging the Impossible

Susharma and Devsharma stopped here.

There was silence.

Ashvatara had listened to everything his sons had said.

They said, "Father, you had asked us what our friend wanted. We mentioned an impossible task. This is what he wants. He somehow wants his wife back. For one who is dead, how will we get her back? We have heard about great kings who have got swayed by temptation. We have heard of sages who gave up their meditation as they got tempted by apsaras. Our friend has been true to his word. We heard from him about his grief and want to help him. But how? This is a task only Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva can help with."

Ashvatara was quiet. His elder brother, Kambala, was also present there. Ashvatara and Kambala, both were wondering what was the next step. Ashvatara then thought of something. He then had a quick discussion with Kambala. He then smiled and said to his sons. "My sons. When people are told that something is beyond their reach, most will turn away. They quit the journey before even making an attempt. Impossibility frightens them more than the struggle itself. That is how opportunities slip away. They slip away not because of fate but because no effort was made. You say this is something no one can attempt. How many have attempted it? I have no fear. I had spoken to your uncle and we have decided that now is the time to act. Kambala will take care of the kingdom while I attempt to find a solution."

Before leaving, Ashvatara went to consult Vasuki, the Naga who was a constant companion of Mahadeva. He told Vasuki what the issue was. "I wish to go beyond fate. How shall I proceed?"

Vasuki said to him, "Only Shiva can help you in your venture. Please him, but not by supplication only. Shiva loves music. Please him by composing and playing ragas. Go to Plakshavatarana. There go and please goddess Sarasvati. With her blessings, you will be able to please Shiva. May you be successful."

Sarasvati Grants the Knowledge of Sound

Ashvatara took off his royal robes. He removed his crown and his jewellery. He dressed himself in simple coarse cloth and with a staff in his hand, he went to a place in Rasatala, his kingdom. This place was a tunnel that had been built by Shesha, the great Naga himself. Using that tunnel he crossed through Mahatala, Talatala, Sutala, Vitala and Atala. The tunnel ended near the Himalayas. Ashvatara stepped out. He prayed to Bhoomi Devi, goddess Earth. He then set off towards Plakshavatarana.

In the Himalayas, was a place called Plakshavatarana. This was the place where river Sarasvati had descended on earth. This place had been named after Plaksha, a fig like tree. The place was of rocks, worn by waters of the river and by sages, who had sat there to seek the blessings of the goddess of music and knowledge.

After some days, Ashvatara reached Plakshavatarana. It was a forest through which river Sarasvati was flowing. He chose a spot facing the river and went and stood there. He bowed to the river. He then began his austerities.

He ate little - fruits that had naturally fallen from trees formed his diet. He then prayed to the One he had come to seek—Jagaddhatri Sarasvati, the Mother of the Universe.

He began his invocation.

"O Sarasvati, I do not come only to praise you and please you. I have come here to dissolve in you. You are the goddess of speech and knowledge. You are the thread from which the entire universe had been created. Born from Brahma, you have surpassed him. You are both the source and the end of all things.

You are roots of all opposites: joy and sorrow, freedom and bondage, truth and illusion. These did not bind you but are expressions of your own will.

You are Akshara, the imperishable syllable that holds all forms and yet you are beyond them.

I see you as the presence within every change, the truth behind all illusions.

You are not just the sound of Om, but the source of that sound.

You hold within you the three worlds earth, sky and heaven; the three Vedas—Rig, Yajur and Sama, and the three paths of knowledge—Vedanta, Samkhya and Yoga.

You shine as the three lights—the Sun, the Moon, and Fire.

You reside in the three gunas, the three divine sounds (Vowel, Consonant and Om), the three sacred stages of life Brahmacharya, Grihastha, and Vanaprastha.

You flow through past, present, and future. Every triad is a manifestation of you.

You are much more than the goddess of speech, learning, or music. There is the supreme form of yours which cannot be described by anyone. Its name cannot be pronounced. This form is inexpressible, transcendent and can only be realized through devotion and inner awakening.

You have pervaded everything—that which has shape and that which does not. That which could be measured and that which was beyond parts.

You are the essence of truth and knowledge that permeates all levels of existence. Everything we can see, touch, or experience and even that which lies beyond our senses or comprehension is rooted in You. Whether something exists independently or as a combination of elemental forces—whether on Earth, in the heavens, or in other worlds, You are the underlying force that makes it knowable. Through your vowels and consonants which are the building blocks of speech and language, knowledge becomes accessible. You are the medium through which truth is expressed, experienced, and understood."

After his prayer to the goddess, Ashvatara fell silent, praying.

Before him river began to shimmer. From the river a pillar of light emerged. This was Sarasvati.

Ashvatara felt her presence and opened his eyes. The goddess had heard his prayers and had appeared before him. A sound began to emerge from the pillar of light. This was not sound traveling through the air, but rather appearing in his heart. He could hear the goddess and respond to her, by just being immersed in the divine light.

“Ashvatara,” the voice said, “brother of Kambala, and ruler of Rasatala, you have pleased me with your devotion. I can look into your heart and see the truth and devotion. I have come to you. I will grant you a boon. Tell me what you wish for, and I grant it."

He could feel the goddess ask him this. He closed his eyes. Then he began to communicate without speaking, through thoughts and vibrations.

“O Mother of Sound, I bow before you. Kambala and I seek the same. I am here before you, to ask on behalf of both of us. Grant us both the knowledge of sounds and speech. Grant us knowledge of spoken words and mental speech. Give us knowledge of phonetics, meters and grammar. Give us knowledge of the science of vibration. Give us knowledge of every sound that is there in the universe."

The voice said, "Ashvatara, you and your brother have a pure mind and heart are capable of deep devotion and austerity. You both are beyond ego. You are here to ask for a boon to help Ritadhvaja and not for yourself. For such selflessness, I will grant you the knowledge of the science of music. This science is sacred even among the gods."

"I will give you knowledge of the seven fundamental notes in Indian classical music. These are Sa (Shadja) –root; Re (Rishabha) –ascent; Ga (Gandhara) – emotion; Ma (Madhyama) – Balance; Pa (Panchama) – harmony; Dha (Dhaivata) – resonance and Ni (Nishada) – yearning. You will have the knowledge of how these notes form musical expressions of mood and emotion. I will give you knowledge of seven ancient styles of song, each echoing a unique state of devotion or experience. You will know the seven ways sound can be structured into rising or falling pitch patterns. Along with this you will have the understanding of rhythmic cycles. You will master the three tonal scales - Shadja Grama, Madhya Grama and Madhyama Grama.

I bless you with the expertise of four poetic meters and the three types of tempos. I grant you command over vowels and consonants.

No one in this universe has this knowledge. Through you and Kambala, this knowledge will spread in the worlds. You will be remembered for this."

The column of light vanished. For a moment there was silence. Then Ashvatara felt something. It was the sound of the river. He was able to identify the beats. It was musical. The goddess had blessed him with complete knowledge of music. In Rasatala, Kambala felt an awakening inside him. It was soothing, divine. He felt like singing. He picked up a veena and began to play. He had no idea about music and here he was playing the instrument flawlessly. Kambala uttered a prayer to the goddess and got ready for Ashvatara to come back home.

The two brothers now had complete knowledge on the musical notes, poetic meters, rhythmic cycles, tempo, tonal systems, melody and its variations, beats and time cycles and complete mastery over vowels and consonants. Along with this, they now had mastery over musical instruments and could play whatever instrument, they wanted to, flawlessly.

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Lessons from Ritadhvaja's Story

The prince’s friends want to help. The task is impossible—how do you bring back someone from death? Everyone says it cannot be done. But Ashvatara says: “Let’s try.” Ashvatara represents faith beyond logic. He says: people often give up too soon—not because the task is truly impossible, but because they don’t try. Real change begins with someone who says, “I will not give up.”

Modern Relevance

1. Grief is universal. We all lose people. But our reaction—whether we give up or grow—is our choice. The prince shows the path of strength.
2. Don't believe in “impossible.” We often say “it can’t be done” too quickly. Ashvatara shows that trying is what brings change.
3. Sound heals. In today’s noisy, distracted world, real music—tied to emotion and silence—can bring peace and insight.
4. Knowledge is sacred. What we learn and share becomes our true legacy. The brothers didn’t ask for wealth—they asked for understanding.

---

• Create and Express: Sing, write, speak, share—don’t keep your emotions locked.
• Challenge the Limits: What feels “impossible” in your life? Is it really?
• Listen Deeply: In silence, great insights can emerge.

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This story is a mirror of human experience. Grief, love, silence, music, hope—all timeless themes. The prince returns not just home, but into a larger truth.

Let the story guide us, heal us, and inspire us to live with purpose, strength, and depth.

Death of Madalasa - The Prince, The Sage & The Deception: Markandeya Purana (Part 3)

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• The King's Command
• Talketu's Vow of Vengeance
• The Trap is Set
• Ritadhvaja Meets the False Sage
• The Deceptive Ritual
• The Illusion and Talketu's Escape
• Devastating News
• The Aftermath
• Talketu's Departure
• Reflection on the Tale
• Relevance in Today's World
• Questions for the Reader
• Concluding Thoughts

Introduction

Susharma and Devsharma said to their father, that were now coming to the reason why their friend was unhappy. 

The King's Command

Some time had passed since the prince had come back from Patala, having rescued Madalasa and married her. King Shatrujit noticed something. His son, though brave and wise, was ignoring his duties towards the kingdom. He was busy in the inner chambers with Madalasa. One morning, King Shatrujit summoned Ritadhvaja.

“My son,” he said, “it is your duty to protect the sages who live in our kingdom. Mount Kuvalaya every day and ride across our kingdom. Ensure that no harm comes to the sages. There are many Danavas and Daityas who come and attack the sages. You must protect the sages.”

Ritadhvaja accepted his father’s command. At dawn each day he would ascend Kuvalaya and begin his patrol. He rode alone. No entourage followed him. He would go to areas where the sages lived. At each hermitage, he would ask if their penance was undisturbed and if there was anything he could help them with.

He did this during the day. When the sun was about to set, he would return to his palace and spend the remaining part of the day with Madalasa.

One morning he decided to travel eastwards. He travelled along the banks of river Karnavati till he reached river Yamuna.

Talketu's Vow of Vengeance

When Ritadhvaja had killed Patalketu, the Daitya’s brother had hidden himself and had watched the death of his elder brother. He had been too young to fight so had not joined the battle. He had seen the prince use divine weapons to destroy the Daityas in Patala. He knew that to face the prince in battle would be foolish. Patalketu had died because of Madalasa. She was now the love of Ritadhvaja.

Talketu watched over Ritadhvaja, invisible, thinking of a way to get rid of Madalasa. If Madalasa was not alive, the prince would die of heartbreak or kill himself.

The Trap is Set

When Talketu realised Ritadhvaja was travelling towards Yamuna, he set up a hut near the banks of the river, in a spot which the prince would not miss. He conjured it out of thin air. It was such that anyone passing would be fooled into thinking this was a hut of a great sage. Talketu disguised himself as a sage and sat in meditation. His appearance was perfect: matted hair, ash smeared on his body and a slow, steady breathing. The trap was set. Now all he had to do was wait for Ritadhvaja to arrive.

Ritadhvaja Meets the False Sage

Ritadhvaja was riding his horse. As he rounded a bend, he paused. In front of him was a hut. Just a hut near the banks of the river. A few trees nearby, and nothing else. The prince did not stop to think that this was off. He just knew that he needed to check with all sages and brahmins. He dismounted and walked forward. Before a well-lit fire was seated an ascetic. He went and bowed down in front of the sage. He said, “I am so glad that you are living in this kingdom which is ruled by King Shatrujit. I am his son Ritadhvaja. What can I do for you, to ensure your safety and comfort? Any way I can serve you?”

The sage, who was none other than Talketu in disguise, opened his eyes. He said, "Noble prince. I know who you are. I have heard about you. Please, be seated. I wished for someone like you to pass this way. The gods are kind."

The prince sat before him.

The Deceptive Ritual

The false sage said, “I am about to perform a ritual for Dharma. For that, one must first invoke Varuna, the lord of the waters. It is said that only when Varuna is pleased can Dharma emerge. Most of the material I need for the ritual I have been able to collect. I have grass, fruits, water, flowers and mantras to invoke Varuna. I do not have any money for Dakshina. Without it, the ritual will be incomplete.”

He stopped for a moment. He then pointed at a necklace around the prince's neck and spoke. "That ornament. I recognise the make. It is Gandharva style, isn't it?"

The prince nodded.

“Yes. It was a gift from Madalasa, my wife.”

“Then that is the best offering to Dharma, a symbol of love. Give me that necklace. I will use that to please Varuna.”

He held out his hands.

Ritadhvaja unfastened it. "Accept this humble gift." Saying that, he placed the ornament in the sage's hands.

The sage accepted it, bowed his head and walked towards the waters of Yamuna.

Ritadhvaja said to him, "Do not worry about your hut. Complete your ritual in the waters of Yamuna. I will stay here and guard your hut, until you return."

Uttering some mantras, the sage turned towards the prince. "Look at me, dear prince. I will tie a talisman around your wrist. This will protect you from any danger." Having tied a black thread around the prince's wrist, the sage slowly stepped into the waters.

The prince stood there watching till the sage uttered a mantra and submerged himself completely.

The Illusion and Talketu's Escape

As soon as the sage was under the water, his illusion also ended. The hut vanished. The talisman that was on the prince's wrist ensured that the prince thought he was guarding a hut. In reality, he stood there, guarding a portion of empty sandbank, his sword in hand.

The mantra that Talketu had uttered just before he had submerged himself underwater was to deceive the sight of the prince. So, when the prince thought the sage was under the water, Talketu came out, the necklace in his hand, and left the place to travel towards the city. Using magic, he quickly arrived near the palace of the king.

Devastating News

The king was told that a sage had come to meet him. The sage was invited to the court.

The sage was old, weary and dusty. He was offered a place to sit but he refused. He said, "I have come to meet you and your family. I came across your son. He had come to my hut which I had built on the banks of river Yamuna. He asked me if there was anything he could do that would help me in my austerities. I told him that place was frequently attacked by Daityas and Danavas. I even told him to escape. He refused to do so and stood guard. When the sun had set, the Daityas attacked. They came in a group and before the prince could realise, he was under their spell. They used their weapons and while the prince tried, he could not remember the mantras to invoke weapons. He fought bravely till one of the Daityas took a spear and attacked him from behind. Before he knew, Ritadhvaja's heart had been pierced by the spear. I was helpless. I could do nothing to save the prince. As much as I wanted to, under the spell of the Daityas I stood frozen. Kuvalaya also put up a fight but he was captured by the Daityas, who left with the horse. With the Daityas leaving, the spell was broken. I went to the prince. He was breathing his last. He took a necklace from his neck and asked me to show this to Madalasa, in the palace. I asked the ascetics who lived in the forest, to help with the cremation of the prince. While they completed the process, I came here to the palace to inform you and also to hand over this ornament to Madalasa."

The Aftermath

As Talketu spoke, he let the ornament fall from his palm and said, "What is the use of gold for one who has renounced everything?"

His task completed, Talketu turned and walked out of the court, not looking back.

All were silent. They could not believe their ears. What had they heard? Their prince was no more. How could that be possible?

The king sat down on his throne. His wife who had come to the court fell down in a faint.

A great hush swept over the court. And then—grief struck like a thunderclap.

Madalasa had come with the queen to the court. She had heard what the sage had said. She just stood there. Silent. Frozen.

She then stepped forward and reaching down, lifted the necklace from the ground.

She closed her eyes and collapsed.

Madalasa was no more.

Slowly the king got up from the throne. Maids had revived the queen. While trying to revive Madalasa they, they realized out that she was no more. People were shocked. Before the sage had arrived, it had been a day like any other. Now the court was a hall of despair. Some had covered their faces, while some sat still, shocked. A few had collapsed to the floor, weeping.

The king looked around the hall. He then said, "You have lost a prince. I have lost my dear son. I speak today as a father. My son died a brave man, fighting Daityas, trying to save sages. Life is a journey of borrowed time. Relationships are temporary bonds that we form. I will not grieve. Not for my son. Not for my daughter-in-law. A body has to be discarded one day. It is like a garment. And by giving his life away for helping sages, he gave that body away protecting sages. My daughter-in-law did not die in vain. She went where her husband went. If she had been here, her life would have been full of grief and pity. She has brought honour to the name of our lineage."

The queen slowly said, "I will not weep. I am lucky. My son did not die of illness. He died saving sages."

The king announced that he would be performing funeral rites for his son and daughter-in-law that very day.

Madalasa's body was draped in a cloth and taken to the banks of the river Karnavati. The king lit the pyre. He then stepped into the water and offered libations for his son.

Talketu's Departure

Talketu, still in the guise of a sage, had made himself invisible. He saw what he had to. His work here was done. He flew, still invisible, till he reached the banks of Yamuna.

There he entered the waters.

Ritadhvaja had been standing guard when he saw the sage emerge from the waters. With the emergence of the sage, the hut also appeared there. The sage came out and greeted the prince. He said, "Your duty here is done, O prince. I wanted to achieve something and could not have done that without your help. My goal is achieved. Please leave this place and go back to your palace, your family. And before you leave, I will untie the thread, I had tied around your wrist. You will not need it anymore."

The prince took leave and mounted Kuvalaya and set forth for his palace, eager to see Madalasa.

Talketu, his objective achieved, vanished from there and went back to Patala. As soon as he left, the hut also vanished.

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Reflection on the Tale

This tale is an exposition on duty and illusion. Ritadhvaja’s commitment is exploited through Talketu’s illusion. Dharma can be manipulated when discernment is clouded.

Madalasa’s death is her vow of loyalty to her husband.

Relevance in today's world

Talketu’s disguise as a sage shows how dangerous fake authority can be. In today’s world, many are misled by impostors. This story can be considered as a warning against blind trust.

The “death” of Ritadhvaja reflects today’s cancel culture or miscommunication and shows how truth is manipulated.

Blind trust, even when offered in good faith, can lead to ruin.

In today’s world, one needs to be vigilant to distinguish between the truly wise and those who pretend.

Questions for the reader

Do you truly know who you trust?

Are your duties in life performed with clarity and balance?

How do you respond to sudden loss?

Concluding Thoughts

This tale from the Markandeya Purana is about duty and deception.

In Talketu’s illusion, the prince loses everything. In the court, falsehood brings real grief.

Be like King Shatrujit and find the strength amidst sorrow. Honour the roles people play in our lives, not with sorrow but gratitude.

Be cautious. We could become victims of illusion instead of protectors.

Prince Ritadhvaja & Madalasa: A Markandeya Purana Tale of Love and Battle in Patala (Part 2)

Table of Contents

• The Naga Princes' Tale
• The Prince at the Ashram
• Ritadhvaja Stands Guard
• The Boar's Appearance
• The Chase Begins
• In Underworld
• A Solitary Encounter
• Madalasa
• Prophecy Fulfilled
• Kundala's Parting Wisdom
• Preparing to Depart
• Confrontation
• Return Home
• The King's Blessing
• Philosophical Symbolism
• Relevance in Today's World
• Call to Action
• Conclusion

Link to Part 1 

The Naga Princes' Tale

The Naga princes continued telling their father what had happened to Ritadhvaja.

The Prince at the Ashram

It was evening when prince Ritadhvaja and Sage Galava reached the sage's ashrama. The ashrama was a beautiful place. Galava led him through the ashrama. He introduced the prince to the other inhabitants.

Ritadhvaja Stands Guard

The next few days were quiet. Ritadhvaja remained vigilant. In the day he would scour the neighbouring areas. He spent the free time maintaining his weapons. In the night, he stayed awake. Even when he slept, it was in short intervals. When awake, he would sit still, listening to see if could make out any signs of an intruder.

The Boar's Appearance

One mid-day, the prince was walking around the ashram when he felt something move nearby. Instinctively his hand went towards his bow. Suddenly a form came out from the dense bushes. It was a boar, huge in size and jet black in colour with huge tusks. The ashram residents started shouting "Daitya! Rakshasa! Danava!" as soon as they realized that the boar was there. The animal, unconcerned, stood there, watching. Kuvalaya stood ready. The horse did not flinch in fear. Instead, he neighed. He lifted a foreleg, pawing the earth, watching the beast.

The Chase Begins

Ritadhvaja vaulted onto Kuvalaya's back. His bow was already in hand; the quiver tied to his back. The boar suddenly realized the prince was there. It turned around and jumped back into the bushes. "Chase, Kuvalaya!" Ritadhvaja screamed. The horse responded instantly. Through the woods, they ran chasing the boar. Ritadhvaja knew he had to stop the Daitya, before it could unleash its powers. With trained movements, the prince let go of the reins of his horse and chose an arrow with a crescent-shaped head, He fitted that arrow onto his bowstring. Soon, they came close. Ritadhvaja raised his bow. Taking aim, the prince released the arrow.

The arrow struck the boar. The animal let out a scream. Wounded, it staggered for a moment. The arrow was stuck firmly in its flank. It regained its balance and plunged deeper into the forest, with the prince hot on its chase. The wounded boar scraped its body violently against trees trying to dislodge the arrow. With a crack, the arrow broke, its fletched end snapping and falling off. Unable to bear the pain, it increased its speed.

In Underworld

Chasing the boar, the prince never realized how far he had travelled. Suddenly the boar vanished. Before Ritadhvaja, there was now a chasm in the ground, wide enough for a mountain to pass through. The boar had jumped into that chasm. Ritadhvaja reined in Kuvalaya. The horse neighed and the prince pressed his heels. Without hesitation they jumped into the big gaping hole.

The plunge was a freefall. Ritadhvaja clung to Kuvalaya, holding onto the reins. He pressed his body against the horse’s neck. Soon a pinprick of light appeared below them, slowly growing larger. Soon they landed with Ritadhvaja still mounted on Kuvalaya's back. The horse stood stable on what was solid ground. They had landed in the underworld - Patala. It was extremely bright, unlike anything Ritadhvaja had ever seen. It cast no shadows was illuminating everything. The boar was nowhere in sight, it seemed to have vanished somewhere. Ritadhvaja blinked adjusting his eyes to the brightness.

As his eyes adjusted, Ritadhvaja saw he was in front of a beautiful city. It was a city surrounded by huge protective walls. These walls rose to impossible heights. This looked as Vishivakarma had replicated Indra's Amravati here in Patala. Ritadhvaja saw the city gates open and entered. He was surrounded by palaces. They were all shining brightly but nothing was casting a shadow here. The streets were paved with bright polished stone.

A Solitary Encounter

He urged Kuvalaya forward, stepping onto streets. The city was breathtaking. As he rode deeper, he observed something strange. There was no one around. He did not see anyone in the city. Where was everyone? Suddenly he felt a presence. Someone was walking. Without a word, Ritadhvaja dismounted Kuvalaya. He guided the horse beside a building. Then he drew his sword and held it ready, poised.

The person walking was getting closer. Ritadhvaja figured out something else. A jingle reached his ears. These were the sound of anklets. He peered out from behind the building where Kuvalaya stood concealed. His eyes caught sight of the person walking. It was a woman with her back towards his hiding place. She was moving, seemingly unarmed, towards one of the buildings. Tightening his grip on Kuvalaya's reins, Ritadhvaja began to follow, keeping his distance. This was the only living being he had encountered so far. Suddenly the woman turned and he saw her. She was not very young, beautiful, fair and graceful. He ran towards her and said, "Tell me, beautiful one," he said. "What place is this? I do not see anyone in this city and suddenly I see you walk by. As you are the first person I am seeing I am asking you. Please answer me. Who are you?"

The woman remained silent and continued walked. She did not reply to the prince's questions. Determined to get an answer, Ritadhvaja began following her. She continued her walk. Ritadhvaja kept a distance, Kuvalaya trailing behind. Out of the many palaces, she went towards the most magnificent of them all. She walked and climbed the staircase and entered the palace. with the prince behind her. Ritadhvaja found a pillar near the entrance. He secured Kuvalaya's reins to it, tethering the horse there. Inside of the palace was even grander than its exterior. The woman moved across halls, gliding from one hall after another. There were no attendants and no guards. The silence within the palace was broken only by the sound of her anklets. Finally, she came to the entrance of a room. Ritadhvaja saw that the room's door was already open. From his position in the hall outside, he could clearly see inside the room.

Madalasa

He saw an extremely large couch. Its surface was intricately carved. It had velvet cushions on it and was lined with brocade. On this couch, a young maiden was lying down. As Ritadhvaja saw her, he gasped. She was lying facing him, eyes closed. She was fair and he had never seen anyone as beautiful as her. She was too perfect to be real. It looked as if this was goddess Rati herself, lying there.

The woman sat up and slowly opened her eyes. She saw the prince in front of her, looking at her. She had never seen any outsider there before. And now standing in her line of sight was this handsome person. He was handsome and muscular. She blushed. She tried to get up and leave the place. Ritadhvaja walked in and tried to comfort her saying, "I am sorry for suddenly coming here like this. I mean no harm. Please do not be scared." The woman, whom Ritadhvaja had followed came there. She was holding a fan made from palm leaves. She started fanning the woman on the couch gently. Pointing to a small seat nearby, she asked the prince to sit there. She then began speaking.

"In the heavens lives the king of Gandharva called Vishvavasu. He has a beautiful daughter called Madalasa. The woman that you see here, lying on the couch is Madalasa. In Patala, lives a fearful Daitya called Vajraketu. He has two sons - Patalketu and Talketu. One day Madalasa was in a garden, alone, picking flowers. There she was spotted by Patalketu, who for some reason had gone to the heavens. Seeing Madalasa, he wanted her as his wife. He conjured an illusion. The skies became dark. Madalasa looked around in confusion. How could it become dark so soon? She decided to leave the garden. As soon she had stepped out, Patalketu appeared there. Before she could cry out or call upon her guardians, Patalketu lifted her and flung her on his shoulders. He then brought her here and made her captive.

She tried to escape but was not successful. The Daitya told her he would marry her against her wishes and set a date. Madalasa hearing this tried to kill herself when Surabhi, the holy cow appeared before her and asked her to stop, saying, 'Do not worry. The Daitya will not be able to marry you. One day, he will go to earth, taking the form of a wild beast. There he will be wounded by arrows and will try to escape. That person who would shoot the arrows is destined to be your husband. In the heavens there is a great Gandharva called Vindhyavan, whose daughter was called Kundala. She was married to a Gandharva called Pushkaramali. Pushkaramali as killed by the asura called Shumbha. I am that daughter of Vindhyavan, Kundala. I was going from one pilgrim place to another after the death of my husband. I have the powers to travel between worlds, and came here to be with Madalasa when I got to know she had been brought here. She was all alone so I told her I would stay her for some time and comfort her and take care of her. I have heard that Patalketu took the form of a boar and tried to attack some sages when a human prince shot and wounded it. He is not dead but is hiding somewhere here. My friend, when she saw you lost her heart to you. As per the prophecy she will be married to the one who shot the boar. She is not sure what to do. Should she follow her destiny and be with that person or go with you. I have told you who we are. Now tell us who you are. Humans cannot come here, so far from earth. Are you a god or a Gandharva?"

Ritadhvaja heard all that Kundala had to say and then said, "I am the son of King Shatrujit. My name is Ritadhvaja. My father was approached by sage Galava for help from a Daitya who was attacking his ashrama. To help the sage and protect his ashram, my father sent me along with the sage. I was also given a horse, Kuvalaya, by the sage which can travel in all worlds. I spent some time with the sages, guarding the ashrama. One day a huge wild boar attacked. I chased the boar and shot it. I saw the animal escape down a chasm in the ground and I followed it. I lost sight of the boar and landed in this city. I saw you and spoke to you. You did not say anything and I followed you. That is my story."

Prophecy Fulfilled

Madalasa was very happy to hear this. Too shy to say anything, she looked at Kundala. Kundala understood what Madalasa was feeling and said to the prince, "I believe you. What you have told us must be true. If Madalasa is supposed to marry the one who will kill Patalketu, why would she lose her heart to you, both are different people? And the divine cow, Surabhi, will not say something which is not true. You must be the chosen one. You have wounded Patalketu and I am sure you will eventually kill him. Take Madalasa. Before the Daitya can come and forcibly marry her, you do the honours. Take her as your wife."

Ritadhvaja was wondering what to do. He wanted to consult his father. Was this right thing to do? Marry the Gandharva princess without consulting his family? When he was thinking, the Gandharva sage Tumburu arrived there. Kundala had summoned him and hearing that he was needed, Tumburu had arrived there. He heard everything and said it was fine to marry Madalasa. The prince gave his consent. Tumburu said he would perform the ritual of Gandharva marriage. He lit a fire and poured oblations into it and uttered some mantras, A quick marriage ceremony was performed. As soon as the ceremony was over, Tumburu blessed the couple and left.

Kundala's Parting Wisdom

Kundala knew she would have to leave now. Her role of taking care of Madalasa was over. She spoke to Madalasa and said, "You should be happy now. You have married the person who was destined to be your husband, who also happens to the same person whom you lost your heart to. I am happy that I was there with you and was able to hand you over to that person. My role here is now over. I shall leave this place and dedicate myself to penance. I plan to roam around and visit pilgrim sites. Doing so< i will wash off all my sins. I will then be free, purified and I will renounce the world."

She then turned to the prince who was listening to Kundala. To Ritadhvaja, she said, " You are a brave and wise prince. You have learnt from the best of sages. How can an elderly Gandharva woman give you advice? Yet, I feel attached to Madalasa. Having taken care of her and as her acting guardian, please listen to me. A husband should always care for and protect his wife. A true marriage is when both husband and wife uphold each other’s vows. Without a wife, a husband is incomplete. Likewise, without her husband, a woman too cannot fulfil her dharma. Through a wife, a man will have children which will carry his name forward. A woman without her husband cannot fulfil her destiny. It is only through becoming a couple that the goals of life can be achieved. I have shared what I wanted to. I have performed my duty and now I will take leave. May you prosper and have a great and meaningful life.

Preparing to Depart

Having said this, Kundala embraced Madalasa and bid her farewell. She then bowed down before the prince and bid him goodbye. She then closed her eyes and using her powers, she transported herself away from this world. Ritadhvaja then told Madalasa it was time to leave this world. Holding her hand, he brought her out of the room and the palace. Asking her to wait, he rushed down the stairs and fetched Kuvalaya. He then guided Madalasa and made her sit on the horse.

Confrontation

Just as Ritadhvaja was about to climb his horse, he was spotted by an asura. He shouted, "The woman who was brought here by Patalketu is being take away. "

Within moments an army of asuras and Daityas came there. Patalketu came there, leading the army. He recognized the prince as the one who had wounded him earlier. "Let the prince not leave this place alive. Ensure that no harm comes to the woman. Anything happens to her and I will kill you myself. This prince had tried to kill me earlier. Surround him. Let him not escape."

Daityas rushed forward brandishing their weapons. Ritadhvaja was ready. He shot arrows and killed many Daityas. Seeing this more Daityas rushed forward. The prince looked at Madalasa. She looked scared. There was no point delaying this any longer. He thought of a divine weapon that had been built by the architect Tvasta. The same Tvasta who created Vritra to kill Indra. The weapon came to him as soon as Ritadhvaja recited the mantras. As soon as the prince had nocked the weapon, it seemed to draw energy from the Daityas. Ritadhvaja released the weapon. Flames shot out and all the Daityas standing there were burnt to death, including Patalketu. With its target achieved, the weapon vanished. Lying there was a heap of ashes.

Return Home

Madalasa was still scared but knowing that Patalketu was dead, she tried to smile faintly.

Ritadhvaja got up on Kuvalaya. Kuvalaya leapt forward, soaring upward—carrying them back to earth. From there, the prince went back to his city, with newlywed.

People were very happy to see their prince after many days. They wondered who the woman was with. She was extremely beautiful and looked divine.

The king got the news that his son had arrived. He had been informed by sage Galava that the prince had left the ashram chasing Patalketu. He was happy that his son was back.

The King's Blessing

He heard what the prince had to say and then said. "My son, you have saved me. You helped the sages and upheld dharma. I had been told you were no ordinary boy, when you were born. You have proved that. You are an excellent one who has expanded the name of our family. You entered the world of the Daityas and killed them there. I am blessed as my name will be remembered because of your greatness. I bless you, my son. Let your prosperity never diminish. Always take of care of Madalasa. She has been brought to our world and she is your responsibility. Go ahead and begin your life with the beautiful Madalasa."

The young prince and his bride moved to their own palace. They lived a life of joy and righteousness. He would take breaks from the court and leave the city along with Madalasa and spend time with her. They would roam around in gardens, forests and nearby mountains. Madalasa was very happy in her new role as the wife of Ritadhvaja.

Philosophical Symbolism

Descent into Patala is the descent of the self into the unconscious. Just as the prince dives into the underworld to confront the Daitya, we must confront our own inner demons.

Kuvalaya is no ordinary steed. It represents the vehicle of discernment gifted by sage Galava to help the prince travel across worlds. It is symbolic of how divine guidance and mental purity allow us to journey across layers of existence—physical, mental, and spiritual.

The Daitya in the form of a wild boar is inverse of Varaha Avatara of Vishnu. Instead of saving the Earth, this creature drags Madalasa (purity) down into darkness. It represents lust, ego, and abduction of dharma.

Madalasa is Shakti, the inner joy, wisdom, and spiritual grace trapped by lower desires. Her liberation by Ritadhvaja is the union of the soul with inner wisdom.

The Gandharva marriage, performed without family consultation but sanctioned by sages and destiny shows that true relationships are not always arranged by society but often orchestrated by divine will.

Relevance in Today's World

Ritadhvaja is symbolic of a leader who is brave, disciplined and devoted to upholding righteousness.

The Daityas here are not just foes. In the psychological sense, they represent toxic mindsets, violent impulses, and manipulative forces that seek to abduct our inner peace (Madalasa).

Call to Action

This tale from the Markandeya Purana is a blueprint for living with purpose. As readers and seekers, we are called to:

• Uphold dharma, irrespective of results.
• Be vigilant. Protect people, ideals and traditions.
• Honour sacred love, rooted in virtue, and accept destiny.
• Balance power with compassion
• Balance leadership with spiritual insight.

Conclusion

Be like Ritadhvaja and lead life with clarity, courage, and compassion.

• Subscribe to the blog for more such content.
• Share this story with friends who value dharma and culture.
• Comment your insights—who do you relate to more: Ritadhvaja, Madalasa, or Kundala?

Markandeya Purana: The Story of Ritadhvaja (Part 1)

Table of Contents

• Introduction to Alarka and Ritadhvaja's Birth
• The Kingdom and Prince Ritadhvaja
• The Naga Princes and Their Friendship
• Ashvatara's Advice and the Sons' Dilemma
• Sage Galava and the Horse Kuvalaya
• Relevance in Today’s World

Introduction to Alarka and Ritadhvaja's Birth

The birds continued telling Jaimini what Sumati was narrating to his father. "Sumati said, 'I have told you so far about Dattatreya. As I said earlier, I will now tell you about Alarka. Before I talk about Alarka, you need to know about the birth of Alarka. For that, I will start and tell you about Alarka’s father – Ritadhvaja.'"

The Kingdom and Prince Ritadhvaja

"Near the banks of River Karnavati was a magnificent kingdom. The kingdom was known all over for being a peaceful place. Here, disputes were rare. The people of the kingdom loved and respected each other. At the heart of this kingdom was its capital, known for its beautiful and well-crafted buildings. The kingdom was a haven for sages. They lived in the forests near the kingdom and were under the protection of the king of the land, Shatrujit, a man of intellect and spiritual depth. True to his name, the king had gotten rid of his enemies—anger, greed, ego, and attachment. Such was his fame that whenever he held any sacrifice, he was guaranteed a blessing by the gods. The king and his wife had been blessed by the gods to have a son.

From the moment he was born, the family and the citizens of the land realized that this boy was no ordinary prince. He was named Ritadhvaja, meaning 'Bearer of Truth.' He studied the Vedas. He trained with warriors, learning the art of sword and bow. He was heroic. His voice was commanding but never harsh. He was wise and possessed no pride or ego. He did everything with complete responsibility. He never considered any task a burden. He did what was right even if it was not easy. He was never afraid to choose the harder path if that was in line with dharma. He was very intelligent, very brave, and his looks were comparable with the twin gods, the Ashvins, the most charming and youthful of the deities. The people used to say that Ritadhvaja would make an ideal king.

He was never alone. He had other royal men as companions around him. They were all of his age and possessed qualities similar to his. They would train together, study scriptures together, and play games together. Sometimes they composed poetry and sang songs or lost themselves in debates on various topics. Sometimes they would play games of dice, in jest and friendly rivalry. Sometimes other young men—Brahmins and others of the same age—would join the prince."

The Naga Princes and Their Friendship

"Beneath the earth, there existed a world unknown to humans. This was a wonderful place. In this world lived the Nagas, a semi-divine race. They were masters of disguise and were known for their spiritual knowledge. The Naga kingdom was ruled by two brothers—Kambala and his younger brother, Ashvatara. Ashvatara had two twin sons, Susharma and Devsharma. Once the two Naga princes decided to visit the earth, they disguised themselves as two Brahmins and came to the kingdom where Ritadhvaja lived. They were of the same age as the prince. They saw the prince playing around with young men, the same age as the princes.

Ritadhvaja saw Susharma and Devsharma. Knowing them as Brahmins, he asked them to join him. They were initially a bit reluctant, but when the prince insisted, Susharma and Devsharma joined Ritadhvaja.

They soon became a part of the prince's world. They trained together, played together. It was as if they had always belonged. Ritadhvaja shared a deep, unspoken bond with the two brothers. From that day forward, the prince would not do anything without them. Whether it was studying, learning, or playing, the two brothers needed to be there. The three became inseparable. The only time the prince was alone was at night, when Ritadhvaja went to his place and the two brothers returned back to their kingdom. While being with the prince, the two brothers noticed something which everyone had missed. The prince laughed with all, but it seemed forced. He would, at times, stare at the horizon.

One day, the three were sitting alone on the banks of the river. The others were not there. The prince seemed to be lost, looking at the waters of the river. Susharma asked the prince, 'Friend, there is something bothering you. Please share what it is. Why are you lost in thought?' The prince smiled faintly and said, 'You are imagining things. I am as I have always been.' Devsharma said, 'Something is bothering you. Do tell us. We will try to help you. We will not tell any other human about this.' The prince closed his eyes for a breath. He then told them what was troubling him."

Ashvatara's Advice and the Sons' Dilemma

"Ashvatara had noticed that his sons were not there the whole day in the Naga world. He was hoping everything was fine. One evening, when the sons had come home, Ashvatara called them and said he wanted to speak to them. Susharma and Devsharma came to their father. Their father asked them to sit comfortably. He just wanted to talk to them. Ashvatara said to his sons, 'My sons, I hope all is fine with you. I see that you are spending the complete day in the world above us. I hope everything is fine there.' The sons said to their father, 'We had gone to the world above to explore it. We came across the prince there called Ritadhvaja. He invited us to join him. He did, and now we have become best of friends. He is unlike anyone we have known. He is a brave prince who is gracious and a master of words. He never says anything that is unworthy or unkind. He is learned and wise, and even then, he is not arrogant. He treats everyone with dignity. We know about the world and the wonders it holds. Still, we feel it is nothing compared to the bond we share with Ritadhvaja. We miss being with him and always want the nights to end quickly so we can go back to our friend.' Ashvatara was very proud of his sons. He said to them, 'My sons, you are noble Naga princes, and here in the land of Nagas, you are known to have the same qualities that you described. For someone having these qualities and yet praising another, this is not flattery. The person must be truly worth what you said. You have not praised him in his presence to gain favours. That is the mark of sincerity. You must have something in this person, and that is why you are praising him. Friendship is not a feeling; it fulfils the person. You say he has given you happiness and treats you like his own brothers; then tell me, what have you done for him in return? My gold, precious stones, chariots, and noble beasts—whatever your friend might desire. Without hesitation, offer him anything that will make him happy. Let generosity speak. A person who harms their friend is a shameful person. Do not let the love for your friends just stay only in your hearts. Do something for him.'"

Susharma and Devsharma stood there looking at each other. They wanted to say something but were hesitant. Ashvatara understood. "Why do you hesitate, my sons? What is that you want to say? Do not hide anything from me." The sons said, "We made a promise. We told our friend that we would disclose his problems to any other human. While we want to help him, we do not want to break our promise." Ashvatara smiled. "We are not humans. Come closer. Tell me. What is that you want to do for your friend?" The sons said, "Father, the prince has all the wealth he needs. He has gems, ornaments, chariots, garments. He may even have more than what we have. There is one thing that needs to be done for him. That we cannot accomplish. The task is an impossible task. It needs divine favour. We need the blessings of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva to accomplish that. Only then can we give our friend what he needs." Ashvatara looked at his sons and said, "Sons, you are saying this task needs divine intervention. I want to hear what this task is that my great sons cannot do. Why do you say it needs divinity? Never forget one thing: the impossible itself bows down before those who are determined. What you call unattainable may simply be waiting to be attained. Nothing is attained by those who only dream and never move. A person who has made up their mind must not fear the path. Do not speak of incapacity. Why do you still hesitate? You have seen the birds fly in the sky. They cannot fly if they do not make up their mind. Dhruva had been cast aside by his father and his stepmother. He did not cry. He meditated, and by the grace of Vishnu, he became a star in the sky. Tell me what this task is. Maybe I can help you."

Sage Galava and the Horse Kuvalaya

The sons said, "It is a long story. We will tell you what Ritadhvaja told us. This is a story that had happened some time back. The court was in session. Shatrujit, the king, was talking to his courtiers, busy in the affairs of the court and the kingdom. At that moment he was told that a sage had come to meet him. The sage had brought a horse along with him. Hearing that a sage had come, the king came outside. He saw the sage there. Like other sages, he had a flowing beard, matted hair, and wore a cloth that had been dyed ochre using the bark of the Arjuna trees. In one hand he held a rein. On the other end was a majestic horse. Its coat was black in colour with tiny white hairs spread around, which gave the impression that the horse was blue in colour. It was patiently standing there with the sage, waiting for a command. The king came and greeted the sage. The sage introduced himself. 'I have come to you for your help, Shatrujit. My name is Galava. I live in the forests on the border of your kingdom. It is said that your enemies fear your name. Come with me; accompany me to my hermitage. A Daitya is disturbing my meditation. He takes forms of huge wild animals, forms that one would not see on earth. He comes to my hermitage, and there he makes a lot of noise and disturbs my meditation. He disturbs the place, destroying plants and overturning the soil and the rocks. I want my peace restored. I want you to take care of this demon for me. It is not that I cannot do it myself. I can. I just do not want to waste my energy and kill a demon. It is your duty to protect the needy. Which is why I have come to you. Once, when he had destroyed my hermitage, I was distraught. Frustrated, I looked skywards, expecting help from the gods. The air seemed to become dense, and in front of me, it began taking shape. Soon, in front of me, stood this horse. Then a voice spoke, "This is not an ordinary horse. It can circumnavigate the globe multiple times without getting tired. This horse was born in the heavens. It can climb the steepest mountain and dive into oceans and swim without any hesitation. Because it can travel all over freely and tirelessly, the horse is called Kuvalaya."'" The sage patted the horse and continued, "The voice continued and said, 'In the house of Shatrujit is a prince called Ritadhvaja. That prince is destined to be the one who will be able to ride this horse and will kill the Daitya.' This is why I have come to you. Come with your son and help me." Hearing the words of the sage, the king sent for his son. Ritadhvaja left aside his practice and came where his father and the sage were talking. He saw Kuvalaya and was impressed. He came close and bowed down before the sage. He saw the horse there, and his eyes, usually sharp, became gentle. The horse fixed its gaze on the prince. It lowered its head. The king told his son, "My son, sage Galava wants me to come with you and kill a Daitya. I feel you are capable of doing that yourself. You do not need me. Accompany the sage. Go with him. Obey him. Live with him, learn from him, and kill the Daitya that troubles him, and help him." The prince nodded. He then went inside to get ready for his journey. He would need to carry his weapons. He came out, wearing his armour and carrying his weapons. The king bid the prince farewell and then helped his son climb up on the horse, which stood still. With Galava leading the horse, Ritadhvaja took leave of all at home and left with the sage, riding Kuvalaya. The sage walked for some distance, and then the prince helped him on the horse, and they swiftly rode towards the sage's ashram.'"

Relevance in Today’s World

• Ritadhvaja embodies what modern leadership lacks: humility, courage, and truthfulness.
• The friendship between a human prince and two Naga beings speaks to the importance of inclusion—a teaching essential in today’s polarized societies.
• Ashvatara’s advice to his sons—"Do not let the love for your friends remain only in your hearts. Do something for them."—is a clarion call to act on empathy, not just feel it.
• The tale teaches us that even the impossible becomes achievable when there is integrity, purpose, and divine alignment.

Ritadhvaja’s journey is not just an adventure—it is the soul’s path in search of dharma. We need those who have courage, are wise, and are devoted to helping others. Be that hero. Be that friend. Let the impossible bow to your intention.

Because the world may change—but dharma remains eternal.